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Abstract

Corrosion remains a critical global challenge, imposing substantial economic, safety, and environmental burdens across infrastructure, transportation, marine, and energy sectors. Traditional corrosion inhibitors, while effective, suffer from rapid depletion, uncontrolled release, environmental risks, and limited long-term stability. Encapsulation of corrosion inhibitors has emerged as a transformative strategy, enabling controlled and stimuli-responsive release, improved stability, and self-healing capabilities. This mini review provides a comprehensive overview of encapsulation technologies, including polymeric microcapsules, inorganic carriers, hybrid systems, and advanced nanoengineering approaches. Preparation methods, ranging from physical and chemical routes to emerging microfluidic and electrospinning techniques, are critically examined. Furthermore, the article highlights state-of-the-art characterization techniques SEM, TEM, FTIR, XPS, Raman, TGA, DSC, UV-Vis, and EIS essential for evaluating morphology, composition, stability, and release behavior. Key applications in protective coatings, marine and offshore structures, smart self-healing systems, and eco-friendly green chemistry approaches are discussed. Finally, challenges regarding scalability, cost, compatibility, and long-term stability are addressed, alongside future perspectives emphasizing multifunctional nanocontainers, bio-based inhibitors, and AI-driven design. This review underscores the promise of encapsulated corrosion inhibitors as a next-generation solution for sustainable, intelligent, and durable corrosion protection

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