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Abstract

The agriculture industry has evolved toward intelligent, data-driven processes due to the growing need for food worldwide, environmental sustainability, and effective resource use. A thorough analysis of smart agriculture as a game-changing element of the industry 4.0 revolution is provided in this study, with a focus on the incorporation of Internet of Things (IoT)-based technologies for sustainable farming. To optimize agricultural processes including irrigation, crop health monitoring, climate and weather tracking, animal management, and disease detection, it investigates the functions and uses of smart sensors and IoT devices. The study demonstrates how smart agriculture may meet important issues like food shortages, environmental degradation, and wasteful resource use by combining the latest scientific developments with practical applications. The study also covers the enabling technologies that facilitate real-time agricultural monitoring and decision-making, including artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and cellular networks. It ends by outlining the main obstacles, existing constraints, and potential avenues for further study in the development of robust, technologically advanced agricultural systems.

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